潮汐对闽江河口湿地土壤理化特征的影响分析     

高君颖  王维奇  鄂焱  廖稷  姚顺 《湿地科学与管理》2011,7(3):48-52

为阐明湿地土壤理化特征对潮汐的响应,对闽江河口外来入侵种互花米草斑块湿地和土著种短叶茳芏湿地土壤理化特征进行了测定和分析。结果表明:①互花米草斑块湿地和短叶茳芏湿地涨潮前和落潮后土壤理化特征差异不显著(p>0.05);②互花米草斑块湿地落潮后的土壤盐度、pH值和Eh与涨潮前的土壤以上指标的相关性高于与潮水以上指标的相关性(p<0.01),短叶茳芏湿地土壤Eh也表现出同样的规律,但盐度、pH值则与潮水相应指标的相关性更高(p<0.01);③互花米草斑块湿地和短叶茳芏湿地土壤盐度、pH值和Eh潮汐敏感性存在着不同的季节变化模式,在潮水盐度、pH值和Eh分别为0～3ms/cm、7.0～7.5和负值的情况下对潮汐的响应较为敏感。  相似文献   

循环扰动和高温作用下砂岩的岩爆倾向性及破坏特征研究     

张平  任松  张闯  吴斐  隆能增  李凯鑫 《岩土力学》2023,(3):771-783

为了揭示循环扰动和高温影响下砂岩的岩爆机制,开展了循环扰动和高温作用下砂岩单轴压缩试验和CT扫描试验,研究了不同条件下砂岩的力学特性、岩爆倾向性及破坏特征,探讨了岩爆倾向性与破坏特征的关系。研究结果表明：循环扰动和高温对砂岩的力学性能及岩爆倾向性影响效果显著;无循环扰动砂岩的单轴抗压强度、弹性模量及岩爆倾向性随温度的升高呈先增加后降低的趋势,200℃为该类砂岩的阈值温度,受循环扰动砂岩的力学特性及岩爆倾向性随温度的上升而降低;而砂岩的力学特性及岩爆倾向性随循环应力幅值增加而下降;随着循环应力幅值和温度的增加,砂岩破坏模式由劈裂破坏向剪切破坏转变,同时砂岩的岩爆倾向性与裂隙三维分形维数呈良好的负相关关系;此外,高温对砂岩的力学性能、岩爆倾向性及破坏程度影响效果强于循环扰动。研究结果可为高温工程岩爆防治提供理论依据和工程参考价值。  相似文献   

冻融循环对青藏红黏土物理力学性质影响试验研究   总被引：6，自引：4，他引：2  

房建宏  陈鑫  徐安花  张泽 《冰川冻土》2018,40(1):62-69

以红黏土为研究对象,使土样在封闭系统下进行不同次数的冻融循环作用,对冻融循环后的冻结土样进行粒度成分和物理力学性质测试,研究不同次数冻融循环作用下冻结红黏土粒度成分和物理力学性质的变化规律。结果表明：粉粒组和黏粒组质量含量受冻融循环作用次数影响较大。红黏土中颗粒在前10次冻融循环过程中向粒径小于0.001 mm及粒径在0.01~0.05 mm范围富集;冻融循环10次之后,随冻融循环次数的增加,粒径范围在0.002~0.005 mm的土颗粒含量明显增加,粒径范围在0.01~0.05 mm的土颗粒含量明显减小,其他粒径范围的土颗粒含量基本不受冻融循环次数的影响。红黏土的液、塑限大体上随冻融循环次数的增加而增加。冻融循环作用对红黏土等效黏聚力强度影响较明显,冻融循环作用10次以内红黏土等效黏聚力强度变化较大,在红黏土地区新修路基应考虑冻融循环作用引起的附加沉降影响。建议采用维亚洛夫或吴紫汪长期强度预报方程预测红黏土长期等效黏聚力强度。  相似文献   

非饱和粗颗粒土体的冻结试验研究   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

高建强  白瑞强  马勤国 《冰川冻土》2018,40(1):94-101

按照实际工程中路基填料的级配要求配制试样,在考虑覆盖层和补水条件下进行室内单向冻结试验,开展了土质、温度梯度和温度边界条件对非饱和粗颗粒填料冻胀特性的影响研究。试验结果表明：土质、温度梯度和温度边界对粗颗粒填料的冻胀特性影响显著。其中混合细粒的冻胀量最大、黏质黄土次之、粉质黏土最小,且其对应的试样顶部、冻结锋面处的含水量及外界补水量均具有相同的大小关系。温度梯度越大,冻胀量越大,试样顶部含水量越高,但冻结锋面处的含水量变化比较小,同时外界补水量越小。试样冷端温度边界越低,冻胀量越小,试样冷端含水量越小,但外界补水量越大。  相似文献   

高温冻结砂土温度界限试验研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

郭雪鸾  齐吉琳  党博翔  董兆仁 《冰川冻土》2018,40(3):539-545

由于高温冻土力学特性与融土相近,对其研究越来越多,然而迄今并没有一个广为接受的基于力学指标的明确定义。以冻结饱和标准砂为研究对象,利用三轴剪切试验和侧限压缩试验获得黏聚力、割线变形模量和压缩指数等力学指标,通过分析这些指标随温度变化的规律,试图从力学特性的角度对于高温冻结砂土给出一个明确的温度界限。研究发现,冻结砂土在-1.0℃到-0.5℃之间,黏聚力、割线变形模量和压缩指数等力学指标发生突变,因此,将-1.0℃定义为高温冻结砂土的温度界限,对涉及高温冻土的工程建设和维护具有重要的意义。  相似文献   

Features and spatial distribution of circumpolar deep water in the southern Indian Ocean and the effects of Antarctic circum polar current     

蒲书箴  董兆乾  于卫东  卢燕  项宝强 《极地研究(英文版)》2007,18(2):100-109

The data from the Southern Ocean observations of World Ocean Circulation Experiment(WOCE) are used for analysis and illustration of the features and spatial distributions of Circumpolar Deep Water(CDW) in the southern Indian Ocean.It is learnt from the comparison among the vertical distributions of temperature/salinity/oxygen along the 30°E,90°E and 145°E sections respectively that some different features of CDW and the fronts can be found at those longitudes,and those differences can be attributed to the zonal transoceanic flow and the merizonal movement in the Circumpolar Deep Water.In fact,the zonal transoceanic flow is the main dynamic factor for the water exchange between the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean or between the Atlantic Ocean and the Indian Ocean,and for the effects on the spatial distributions of the physical properties in CDW.  相似文献   

On the winter evolution of snow thermophysical properties over land‐fast first‐year sea ice     

Alexandre Langlois  C. J. Mundy  David G. Barber 《水文研究》2007,21(6):705-716

The geophysical, thermodynamic and dielectric properties of snow are important state variables that are known to be sensitive to Arctic climate variability and change. Given recent observations of changes in the Arctic physical system (Arctic Climate Impact Assessment, 2004), it is important to focus on the processes that give rise to variability in the horizontal, vertical and temporal dimensions of the life‐history of snow on sea ice. The objectives in this study are to present these ‘state’ variables and to investigate the processes that govern variability in the vertical, horizontal and temporal dimension by using a case study over land‐fast first‐year sea ice for the period December 2003 to June 2004. Results from two sampling areas (thin and thick snowpacks) show that differences in snowpack thickness can substantially change the vertical and temporal evolution of snow properties. During the late fall and early winter (cooling period) we measured no significant changes in the physical properties, except for thin snow‐cover salinity, which decreased throughout the period. Fall‐snow desalination was only observed under thin snowpacks with a rate of ?0·12 ppt day^?1. Significant changes occurred in the late winter and early spring (warming period), especially for snow grain size. Snow grain kinetic growth of 0·25–0·48 mm·day^?1 was measured coincidently with increasing salinity and wetness for both thin and thick snowpacks. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Inelastic constitutive properties and shear localization in Tennessee marble     

D. J. Holcomb  J. W. Rudnicki 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2001,25(2):109-129

The inelastic response of Tennessee marble is modelled by an elastic plastic constitutive relation that includes pressure dependence of yield, strain‐softening and inelastic volume strain (dilatancy). Data from 12 axisymmetric compression tests at confining pressures from 0 to 100 MPa are used to determine the dependence of the yield function and plastic potential, which are different, on the first and second stress invariants and the accumulated inelastic shear strain. Because the data requires that the strain at peak stress depends on the mean stress, the locus of peak stresses is neither a yield surface nor a failure envelope, as is often assumed. Based on the constitutive model and Rudnicki and Rice criterion, localization is not predicted to occur in axisymmetric compression although faulting is observed in the tests. The discrepancy is likely due to the overly stiff response of a smooth yield surface model to abrupt changes in the pattern of straining. The constitutive model determined from the axisymmetric compression data describes well the variation of the in‐plane stress observed in a plane strain experiment. The out‐of‐plane stress is not modelled well, apparently because the inelastic normal strain in this direction is overpredicted. In plane strain, localization is predicted to occur close to peak stress, in good agreement with the experiment. Observation of localization on the rising portion of the stress–strain curve in plane strain does not, however, indicate prepeak localization. Because of the rapid increase of mean stress in plane strain, the stress–strain curve can be rising while the shear stress versus shear strain curve at constant mean stress is falling (negative hardening modulus). Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Patterns of soil temperature and moisture in the active layer and upper permafrost at Barrow, Alaska: 1993–1999     

K. M. Hinkel  F. Paetzold  F. E. Nelson  J. G. Bockheim   《Global and Planetary Change》2001,29(3-4)

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Numerical slope stability simulations of the northern wall of eastern Candor Chasma (Mars) utilizing a distinct element method     

B. Imre 《Planetary and Space Science》2004,52(14):1303-1319

Valles Marineris offers a deep natural insight into the upper crust of Mars. The morphology of its slopes reflects the properties of the wall materials, thus constraining in models of composition and evolution of the upper layers of the Martian crust. Hence, knowledge about the lithological composition of these wall rocks is of major interest to the understanding of the geological and climatic history of Mars. This study investigates mechanical rock mass parameters of the northern wall of eastern Candor Chasma (between 290°E and 296°E longitude, −8° to −5° latitude). These are inferred from its present-day morphology and a proposed slope-forming history, applying a distinct element code to simulate the stability and the tectonic history of this slope within a parameter study. Additionally, a mathematical denudation model is applied to take into account the effect of exogenic processes on the slope. The study results show that two periods of normal faulting in conjunction with massive interim denudational scarp recess is a valid model for the evolution of the northern wall of eastern Candor Chasma. The estimated rate of scarp recess of 60 m Myr⁻¹ is comparable with certain terrestrial scarp retreat rates. The best-fit models yield a homogenous distribution of low-level rock mass strength and deformability properties distributed over the entire stratigraphic column of the northern wall of eastern Candor Chasma. The values are 5.0 (±0.7) MPa for the uniaxial compressive strength, 1.6 (±0.2) MPa for the Brazilian tensile strength, 4.7 (±1.5) GPa for the Young's modulus, 0.2 (±0.15) for the Poisson's ratio, 22 (±2)° for the internal friction angle, 1.6 (±0.2) MPa for the cohesion and 2200 (±500) kg m⁻³ for the density. This study favors columnar jointed basalt as the material that builds up the northern wall of eastern Candor Chasma and other walls within central Valles Marineris. The best-fit denudational model of the upper slope section of the northern wall of eastern Candor Chasma indicates a distinct cap rock unit of lesser susceptibility to denudation than the wall rock below.  相似文献